Originally Posted by
FlyerBeek
It's not a matter of there being a correlation between the specific degree received and pilot skills (although, obviously, there are some aviation/aerospace degrees that translate well). There is, however, a strong correlation between being able to successfully complete any four year undergraduate degree (in roughly four years) and being able to successfully complete training at a legacy carrier. That's been the justification for degree requirements in the past, particularly for applicants coming from a strictly civilian background. The type of degree isn't as important as simply demonstrating the ability to earn one.
Almost all U.S. military aviators (with the exception of some non-commissioned Army Rotary Wing Warrant Officers) have a college degree, although anyone who makes it through years of far more rigorous military flight training should have absolutely no issues completing the training for any Part 121 carrier.
-FlyerBeek
Beyond demonstrating the ability and diligence etc. to probably complete commercial pilot training successfully, a rigorous undergraduate degree should give prospective pilots logical thinking and problem solving skills that especially could be useful in an emergency, Moreover, the role of an airline pilot goes beyond flying the plane: they should be able to make short extemporaneous announcements that are grammatical and appropriate and otherwise represent the airline as required (thanking elites one-on-one, hosting kids' cockpit visits, etc.). A pilot represents the company when on duty and also when off duty and in uniform, including on hotel shuttles and lobbies, when passing through the airport, including in airport security lines, etc., and the airline would prefer that its pilots be well spoken; although this characteristic isn't perfectly correlated with having a university education, there is a correlation.
Many job ads say that a four year degree or equivalent experience is required, but interpretations can vary. In some cases, there can be a formula translating years of experience to substitute for formal educational credentials. For other employers and positions, it would be extremely rare to hire or even seriously consider someone without the almost-but-not-quite-required degree.