I'm currently in Israel (got in before they closed the border) and just tested logging into my CapOne account and it sent 2-factor to my google voice number and it worked. No problem. I remember that I used to have some banks not like google voice, but I think that was years ago. BTW....I got the SMS to google voice number both on my phone (which has an Israeli SIM in it) and on my laptop.
Note that I've had various CapOne products for years and probably verified my google voice number before 2-factor was required. Today might be harder.