If price is paramount, Priceline often offers the Grand Hyatt (4* Capitol Hill zone) for $65-$70 and the OMNI (4* Woodley Park/DuPont Circle) for $80ish.
But those aren't among the top properties in the city. Top properties will be outside your price range...
Mandarin Oriental
Ritz Carlton (Georgetown is the best one)
Four Seasons
Fairmont (used to be the Monarch)
Closer to your budget you can probably pick up the Hotel Rouge, very W-esque.
Lots of discussion of DC luxury properties in the Luxury Hotels forum...