Someone else can chime in on the exact formula (if there is one), but I paid $75 for a ORD-CLE upgrade and got 75 PQP for it.

In August, on an LAS-ORD ZV class I earned 280 PQP and another LAS-ORD ZV class two weeks later earned 251 PQP. Who knows, for all my travels this summer, I made fake Gold so I'm not complaining.