The golf bags can indeed be checked luggage. Unlike bike boxes, there shouldn't be too much issue loading them onboard (unless they are huge). They might need to go in the out of gauge bag drop after the bag tag is printed.

My advice regarding the golf clubs is to put them in a closed bag/case. so cubs sticking out, etc, anything beyond straps, latches etc. that might snag in the moving parts of the various conveyor belts.

As to why some in your party that aren't Silver are getting more bags... beats me.