Excellent outcome. They didn't clearly specify the difference in efficacy for older adults apart from saying "Protection was generally consistent across race, age groups, including adults over 60 years of age". It would be helpful to see these data in the FDA approval package as it will help to allay concerns about the AZ vaccine in older adults.

The results also beg the question of whether we need to give the second dose of the AZ vaccine (and perhaps even also the mRNA ones). Given that we will have to update the vaccines in response to immune-escape variants, perhaps we ought to dispense with the 2nd dose and just vaccinate with a single dose each year/every few years as necessary to keep to date with emerging new variants. Hopefully further data will emerge on longer-term efficacy from ENSEMBLE and observational studies on the other vaccines.