Originally Posted by Adam Smith

Offering YVR-LAX-YYZ isn't cabotage if AC does it, because it's a Canadian airline offering transportation between two points in Canada. UA offering that same itinerary on its metal would be cabotage. Or AC selling LAX-YYZ-NYC.

COVID is certainly creating some weird connections. I know someone who flew YYC-YYZ-YXE a few months ago after AC cancelled the YYC-YXE direct.