would recommend a stay at ryokan, with a good onsen, along with Kyo-kaiseki
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiseki
solo is tough but still doable at a ryokan. that would take a good chunk of your budget ($150-$1k)

as other people said, $75 to $200 is high (fine dining territory). you can still definitely find stuff at that price range ("michelin star"/fine dining and the like)

I remember seeing somewhere about private/personalized gourmet food guides, not sure whether or if you're interested in those