Absolutely not. They cannot see any new card. They see the literal card you booked with.
I've had this issue with a hotel I frequently stayed at (because I lost my card, so got a new one, thus the card I booked with didn't work). After a few times I said, seriously, I stay there all the time, just wait til I arrive. And one of the front desk agents who knows me by name talked to the manager and it was ok from then on.