Do you have a personal calculus between the distance/time involved in a trip and the mode of travel involved?

For me, as someone currently based in the USA, I'm willing to spend up to three additional hours on a train if it means not having to fly. And I'll bike to work instead of driving if the weather cooperates. The carbon footprint involved is factor in both decisions.

That said, infrastructure matters. I'm from Tokyo and I always take trains and buses when I go back home - I haven't taken a single domestic flight in Japan. On the off chance that I would have to go to Sapporo from Tokyo or points further west, however, I'm sure I'd hop a one-hour flight instead of ride the 8+ hours of multiple trains such a trip would involve. I ride in a vehicle only with great reluctance, while I drive a lot in the USA.

So my personal calculus is location-dependent. I wish the long-distance train infrastructure in the United States was better-developed but we're generations away from that, if it ever comes. Japan may have spoiled me for train/bus possibilities but it's certainly a good aspirational goal.