None of this matters. OP is not being charged with a misdemeanor or fined by the property. He is being required to pay the property's cleaning fee because, on his watch, the room apparently became sufficiently smoke-filled to require cleaning. That is a judgment call for the property.

The fact that there will be a report from security detailing the balcony incident and a report from housekeeping regarding the smell just puts the boots to any chargeback. This is not a he said / property said. The property will document the charge, the chargeback will be denied (unless OP is a mega-HVC for the card issuer and the issuer eats the chargeback), and that is the end of it. When that happens, OP can pursue a small claims action if he things it's worth it for this sum.