Mostly yes with exceptions
Most major rental car agencies will accept temporary paper licenses.
I had a recent encounter where I was denied service, Enterprise. Even though I carry my military ID and passport, and previously rented from the same location and agent.
Called the corporate office and a supervisor sided with the store. Stated that paper licenses are valid for police but since Enterprise cannot verify with DMV you cannot get a car.
Enterprise had lost a Platinum level renter.