In theory, a PIN-preferring card would prevent the situation Barciur mentions up-thread since PIN entry should always be the last step of the transaction. In a restaurant, so would not handing the terminal back until the slip prints--which is what most people here do regardless. At a hotel or other place where the terminal sits behind the counter, though, a PIN-preferring card forces the clerk to hand you the terminal. If s/he's already DCC'd you, you can simply cancel the transaction and force the clerk to run it again in local currency if s/he wants to get paid. With a signature card, the clerk can just hit OK, which runs the charge and leaves you to deface the signature slip and dispute.

As for contactless, the last time I was in Spain I was offered DCC when using Google Pay at a pub with a VX680 terminal (I know because I took a picture of the "2%" markup that was closer to 10 before declining it), so I don't think contactless is a universal way to avoid it. I've also seen it at a restaurant way off the beaten tourist path in Italy.

I haven't seen DCC anywhere with the physical contactless CSR but I think that's a function of not having been anywhere that tried it since getting the contactless card--DCC is extremely rare in BE/NL.