“. . . got the feeling they ended up using my wife’s info."

Not sure I understand. I can understand how an official might just forget the stamp, but did they put your passport through the scanner? Did you give fingerprints? If for some difficult-to-accept reason you are not in the system, then I think you're going to have a very long day.

My suggestion would be to find a Chinese speaker, at the front desk if no place else, who can call Airport immigration and ask how you should proceed and -- very importantly -- what documents you should bring, like your boarding pass and hotel registration.