It seems your issue is that your long layover time in Brussels was cut short. (Not the Airline business about what you were planning to do during the layover)

I seriously doubt you’ll get compensated for that, considering you arrived in Prague at the original ticketed time.

brussels Airline is the marketing carrier, and unless they admit to failure or fault for “the credit card issue”, you have no grounds to sue.

My advice is to save your energy, count it as bad luck and just move on.