Any of the military style "field coats" would have 4 large, square pockets, usually secured with button. So meets all the requirement. and they're made up from different material and thicknesses.

I have something similar to these, unlined and in polyester, so it works by itself as lightweight wind jacket in summer, and can be layered over anything in any other season. Packs very very compact.
Has 2 fastened internal breast pocket (e.g. for phone + wallet), sized enough for passport, in additional to the 4 external pockets.

Also looks city-appropriate and not like you're trekking in patagonia

https://eu.suitsupply.com/en_GB/coat...cket/J604.html
https://eu.suitsupply.com/en_GB/coat...cket/J706.html