Starting with perhaps the obvious, calling your CC issuer and "claiming fraud" when there was no fraud is fraud. So, don't do that.
Any UA agent ought to be able to pull up the ticket number (take a look at your original e-ticket confirmation and find the number beginning with 016-) and locate the status of the credit and also explain how it is arrived at. The agent will also be able to advise whether there is a fee associated with its use (hopefully there was a weather waiver in place and there won't be one).
It would be helpful to know the exact routing of our new ticket and the name of the "partner" carrier. Also helpful to know the breakdown, including the "phone fee" which, while annoying, ought to be very small.