Sorry to read about your issues with the flights.
I am uncertain about the wording for award tickets but for every international flight,and I take a number to various countries, there is a warning about ensuring I have the requisite travel documents. This always entails me looking at the websites for various consulates. Absolutely NOT the responsibility of the airline to inform you of changes.
For the change fees it was your responsibility to ensure you had the correct Visa documents and not the responsibility of the airline so not sure why you think they should refund you these.
For the miles for the unused trip you should follow up if they have not been deposited back into your account.
Glad you are safely home.