surge pricing happens everywhere when demand outstrips supply and uber hopes that increasing the price will either reduce demand or entice some of its drivers out to make some money
Normal taxis generally can't surge price in the same way so in that case I would go to the normal rank at Centraal and ask the restaurent to call you ca taxi when you are ready to leave.
Saying that it is a nice walk from Noordrmarkt to Central on some of the side streets / canal
Shame you are not there on a Saturday as there is a nice actual market there and around the corner is the Lindengract market which is a proper local market rather than a tourist one.