Quite a lot European cities have it actually, but many are set per person per night rather than as a percentage. For example the city and local tax for Paris is 2EUR per person per night, Lisbon is 1EUR and there are similar items for Brugge, Barcelona or Prague. I think Budapest is 4% if my memory is correct and I'm sure there are more cities with this item.

I would say they are different in nature, the resident fee/resort fee is determined and earned by the hotel itself but the city and local tax in Amsterdam and many other places are set by and will pass on to the government. The hotel has no power over it. Although for sure it will be better if they are already include in the total price when they display it.