Residence Inn and TPSs have actual kitchens. RIs are a nicer typically than TPSs (though of course, that can vary by specific location). RIs breakfasts are nicer typically, as well. TPs are fairly barebones IMO.

FFIs and SHSs do not have kitchens, but SHSs typically have a microwave, a sink (i.e., a sink outside of the bathroom), and a countertop near by. FFIs typically just have a microwave. Both also have breakfast (like RIs and TPSs), and they are typically in between RIs and TPSs in quality.

I think the quality varies widely across each brand. I've been to dumpy hotels for each brand, but the new hotels of each brand can be very nice (though none are full service so you wouldn't want to compare them to those brands). For example, a few years ago, we stayed at a new TPS near Cape Cod that was really outstanding (and, we've also been to plenty of TPSs that are dumps...typically, I avoid TPSs but am open to FFIs/SHSs and RIs as location, price and need requires).