All of the major chain agencies have internal policies that allow renting on a temporary license as long as it (and the customer's identity) can be sufficiently verified to the manager's satisfaction. Bring other forms of ID (passport, etc.) if possible.

How well that policy is implemented and how well agents (and even managers) are trained in the existence of that policy, however, is very much YMMV.

If possible, I would call the specific rental location you'll be picking up from and talk to the manager (and note his/her name down, assuming they approve). If you can't get through to someone at the location itself, you might also call the reservations line and have them annotate your reservation that you've specifically inquired about this and have been told it's allowed--that will give you some bargaining power if you show up and are told you can't (instruct the agent to review the reservation notes that you were specifically told you were OK).