Personally the best headphones I ever had were the Jensen JF25, though they are starting to be discontinued and unavailable. They cost around 20$ and are full size and quite comfortable and loud.

Since I actually managed to break them by stumbling on them and I couldn't have any pair shipped to me, I now have a pair of Philips SBC HP200. For some reason on google I mostly find russian and french pages about it, so it might be another model in the US. They are very comfortable and nice to use, though still no airplane experience with them.

None are noise cancelling, but they are loud enough to drown out most noises w/o causing ear damage (I hope).