I have two numbers registered to one passport.
So that might be a Shanghai-specific rule, then. I know back in January this became an issue for a group of exchange students I was helping out (they were all getting their SIMs at once and not everyone had their passports on them, because they were told by the group before them that up to 5 numbers could be registered to one passport, which
was the case back before mandatory registration became enforced but isn't anymore).