I'm pretty sure if the fare basis says non refundable you can't pay the fare difference.
No, it only means if you upgraded to a higher, refundable fare, you still can only refund the difference you paid (minus any fees). I'm not saying it's impossible for airline to impose another rule that says upgrade not allowed, but it doesn't come by default with non-refundable. Usually most would say things like "no change allowed except for upgrading to a higher fare."