To be fair to Rolls-Royce and AA, that photo was proven to be faked. (You can see the reflection in the polished aluminum fuselage...no fire).
That said, when testing a turbojet (not turbofan) engine on a test cell, you can indeed see the turbine case's dull glow with the lights off. However, the glowing parts are hidden by the engine cowling when installed on an aircraft. High-bypass turbofans have so much airflow going around the turbine case, they're kept cool enough to not glow.
The hottest parts of the engine can operate at temperatures above the melting point of the metals they're constructed of thanks to some pretty clever manufacturing techniques, which circulates air through the turbine blades and vanes, as well as envelopes the outer surface of the components with a thin layer of cool air. ('Cool' air being a relative term...still >500 degrees F). That's one reason why volcanic ash is such a big deal...it can clog these tiny air passages.
If the turbine blades got hot enough to glow bright yellow, something has gone horribly wrong...and will likely get much worse. If the blades get that hot, they will stretch because of centripetal forces of the turbine rotating at roughly 10,000 RPM. Ultimately, the blade tips will contact the outer walls of the engine. Boom.