Yes, many, many compressor and turbine blades before and after the combustion chamber, respectively. Turbine blades have the specific purpose of taking the heat energy from the combustion and turning it into rotational energy for the fan and compressors. Bypass air is also mixed in before exiting the engine, so the air coming out is only 500-800C or so.
As noted, combustion is hotter than molten steel, so since the engine is actually made of steel (various complex alloys, actually) there are many insulating and cooling systems that keep the visible shell much, much cooler.
You really don't want to see it
