Thank you for the reply, MHG! (stg isn't right with my forum settings, there was no e-mail notification on your post...)
I have to admit, I haven't done my part of the research on the Inlandsbanan ticket prices

. I was like: that can't be very expensive... Noobish mistake

(But extra thanks to you for the Lei prices

) So, Inlandsbanan out of the picture, because right now I don't fell like I want to travel by train through the whole Europe. (Maybe next year. I never tried the Interrail ticket, but always wanted to.)
Well, talking about the Inlandsbanan and "Budget" do not fit in one box IMHO.
A one-way Östersund-Gällivare sets you back 1378,-SEK (ca. 675,-Lei) unless you travel on an Interrail ticket. In that case you only pay a surcharge of 50,-SEK (ca.25,-Lei).
See also the Inlandsbanan website: inlandsbanan.se
Thanks for your answers Romelle & GUWonder!
I'm planning to solve my food needs almost entirely by buying stuff from grocery stores. I'm not saying I wouldn't like to try something fancy, but I want to stay between my financial limits.
About accommodation: I'm really starting to think about taking advantage of the Right of Public Access, and do some free camping. I don't know if that would be a good idea, and I don't want to camp for the whole duration of my trip, but this could really help my budget a lot.