OP is lucky that the property was unable to provide the standard authorization from check-in. Had the property done a better job, OP would have signed the standard form which would have authorized "all charges" and OP would have been SOL.

What the property did was poor customer service, but OP would have lost his chargeback dispute but for the property's sloppiness. When OP paid with an expired (or more precisely, expiring) CC, the property was free to cancel his reservation. When he checked in, the property was free to charge whatever rate it wanted and OP would have authorized on the standard form.

For others, caution suggests double-checking expiration dates and also reconfirming rates no matter who has paid and how payment has been made. Usually this is handled by having the customer initial the rate, but not always. When it isn't, something is amiss.