ETA: Try this first (check device manager) ...
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204095

I was going to suggest what I wrote below, but I would try the steps in that article first to resolve any driver issues. iTunes includes a set of drivers for usb and their devices that Apple issues, so you might have a conflict there that needs to be resolved.

If that doesn't work ...

Try uninstalling the Microsoft Phone Companion app.

Some discussion about that in that reddit thread.

You might also try reinstalling iTunes if that doesn't fix it. I think that should also reinstall Apples drivers.

If there are still problems, try the steps in that Apple support article again to see if there are still driver conflicts/issues.

Good luck and report back

-David