To make it simple for the OP, cut it down to the basics...

If you showed up airside at MAD 30 minutes before your AA departure to the US, would you expect to get on the flight...no.

Now change this to arriving wheels-down from Israel 30 minutes before your AA flight. You've got to get to the gate, go through immigration, collect your bags, check in for AA (maybe you've done this via app, but you've got to drop your bags), and then go through security again. There is no chance of this happening.