You can take a yellow cab and the rate is metered, though it is doubled once you get to the Queens/Nassau county line:
http://www.nyc.gov/html/tlc/html/faq/faq_pass.shtml#12.
My guess is that there are local car service operations in Long Island which will be more affordable, more likely to know where they're going out there and easier to arrange a return trip with as well.