This is why I'm not inclined to give the merchant the benefit of the doubt. Admittedly, there have been a few cases where owners have been unknowingly hitting their customers with DCC, but these cases are rare. If there were no financial benefit to the end merchants offering DCC, it would be easier to give them the benefit of the doubt. I've been in non tourist places and local shops in Taiwan and those stores that do take credit cards rarely have DCC. DCC is primarily encountered at large department stores or chain restaurants. This leads me to believe that DCC is not universal, even among DCC-prone acquirers.