Everything you mentioned seems to fit the bill perfectly for what I would consider to be the best laptop out there at the moment: the Google Pixel Chromebook (2015 edition, sometimes called the Google Pixel 2).
The only part that doesn't fit is of course Windows 10. But from what you're written the Google Pixel seems absolutely perfect and is the best machine I have ever laid my hands upon. I've had Windows laptops, then a few Macbooks, but the Pixel is the best of them all. Plus Google will give Pixel users 1TB of space to use on Google Drive for 3 years.
Overall:
- will cost less than your budget with the price at $1,299 for the top-end model
- does everything you mention you will use your laptop for
- has an awesome screen resolution: 2,560x1,700. This is even HIGHER than Apple's Retina display on Macbooks.
- It has a great SD slot that allows the card to slide in fully and not protrude like it does on my old Macbook
- 64GB SSD but 1TB of Google Drive for free (and as mentioned a great SD slot to rack up more local space if needed)
- has the webcam you mentioned, fast wireless, and the keyboard is backlit
- and last but not least, the great display which is the best laptop screen I have ever seen across all brands and models... is also a touchscreen should you prefer to use it this way sometimes instead of always relying on the keyboard+touchpad for input
I only discovered Chromebooks after my wife's Macbook Air bit the dust. We were looking for a replacement and I almost bought another one until I discovered Chromebooks as a 3rd option. They are super-fast, super-easy to use, and are the most secure in terms of OS. And even the Pixel, which is considered expensive and is the #1 Chromebook on the market as it is Google's flagship product, is easily within your budget.