Apparently, due to Qantas' exception to earning miles only on QF marketed flights operated by oneworld airlines, one may be able to earn miles as if flying QF if operated by TN; QF fare-based miles earning rules would apply.

I've flown TN as an AA codeshare (connecting from SMF and from SFO; it may be required you connect from / to an AA flight to buy the codeshare) and earned AAdvantage miles as if flying AA.

Caveat: if you fly TN in Moana Coach as a codeshare, you will not be allowed to purchase counter upgrades if they're available. If you're flying Poerava Business as a codeshare, some TN employees will not provide a lounge invitation. (But presenting a Business boarding pass at the lounge used by TN that day may provide access anyway.)