Originally Posted by
Grouchy
10 minutes if your arrival gate is E3 or so. If it is further away (D43 for example) add another 5-10 minutes.
Depending on your schedule you can either use Schiphol (to Amsterdam Centraal and then directly to Berlin) or Amsterdam Centraal
http://www.ns.nl/en/travellers/home
This. Maximum 15 minutes. If there is an unusual queue at one immigration area; just find another one (i.e. immigration by F gates is backed up, use the ones by D gates; but I highly doubt this will be an issue).
Also familiarize yourself with the post-immigration layout. You will preferably be near Departures 2 (arrivals), but the train station is very central and right by Starbucks. I can post a great pano-photo, if you desire. (this is where you will buy tickets if you have not done so in advance for your long distance train)