n your example, intermediate stops in the U.S. are fine, but you cannot (permanently) disembark. Well, you can but the cruise line will face a fine for contravention of the PVSA. So no legal way of sailing from one U.S. port to another U.S. port without a foreign "distant port" (such as a Panama canal transit).

You can go from California to Seattle, but you have to do it right. Limited dates but you can sail California to Vancouver, and get on another ship to Seattle (or same ship but sailing on a different day, may mean a long long laover in Vancouver).

Not much in way of 1 night cruises from SF. (Non-U.S. flagged) ships cannot sail far away enough in that time. 2 nts possibly but not 1.

BTW, cheap OW deals coming up if you don't care for specific cabins and can travel on short notice.