The above answers are pretty good so I don't have much to add. Most connections, including the two you will be doing require re-clearing security in Terminal 5A. As others said, you will probably arrive in B/C from SFO, take the underground train to Terminal 5A, head up some escalators, and go through flight connections where they inspect your boarding pass. Then you go up an escalator to security. Once through security, your CPH flight will probably depart from T5A so your gate will be fairly close by.

Coming back from AMS, you will probably arrive in T5A and you will pretty much follow the same procedure as above only this time, your flight will probably leave B or C. There are signs that show you where to get the underground train that takes you to these satellite terminals. Gate information of departing flights is generally posted about an hour before the flight. This is to prevent premature manifestations of gate lice =).