The last time I arrived into F earlier this fall, TSA seemed to be doing PreCheck light down after customs and bag recheck. I was sent through the same line they were using for military. There was also an elite line, with no wait in either line.

You can exit from F and go upstairs but I don't think E gives this option. Without checked bags, you should be able to choose by following the exit rather than connections signs.

However, before going upstairs to TSA security near the F check in area, you should be aware that if you do this before it's time for many international flights exATL to be checking in, there will only be one line for TSA security with no PreCheck and no SkyPriority, but no wait either. This happened to me after an early, maybe 6 or 8 am arrival, when I tried this. of course, at that point, if you have time and are sufficiently determined, you could go outside from F and take the land side bus to the regular terminal to go through TSA security there with PreCheck or whatever, assuming that PreCheck is printed on your boarding pass when you've arrived from an international connection. Reprinting at the kiosks after customs can help on this, but it doesn't always work and I don't think the agent reprints just after customs do the job.