Originally Posted by
AA_EXP09
in SIN I know that UOB/DBS/SCB issue AX cards as well as AX themselves.
Yep, but these are the exceptions more than the rule. I would say AmEx and Discover have a lot more tightly controlled network end-to-end than Visa and MC. If AmEx doesn't want to allow DCC for instance, it's more easily enforceable.