There's a decent chance your friend will encounter problems.

What you fail to take into account is that airlines are often required to transmit traveler information to the destination country. I'm not certain if this is required in Qatar and Turkey, but it's likely. The fact that immigration authorities don't look at your ticket when you step up to their counter is immaterial. If the name on the ticket doesn't match the name on the passport, the passenger may be unable to board the plane.

You were probably doing your friend a favor by booking his ticket, but you screwed up by deciding to arbitrarily solve the technology problem. I think you are on the hook for the additional ticket cost. If he's nice, he'll offer to split it with you.