So I called the passport office and they said on the phone it is possible to get a limited validity passport in some cases, at either a US passport office or an embassy/consulate. If I do this at the consulate, I'll have to hang out in Canada until they can provide that (or worst case until my gf gets my actual passport back and mails it to me). Not necessarily how I was planning to use all my spg points but such is life. Will be interesting to see how this plays out.