Found little interesting information. Shinkansen (新幹線) bullet train started service between Tokyo and Shin-Osaka on Oct. 1, 1964.

Oct. 1, 1964:

Hikari (stop at Nagoya and Kyoto only)
Tokyo – Shin-Osaka: 4 hrs. 0 min.
2nd class: JPY 2480
1st class: JPY 5030

Kodama
Tokyo – Shin-Osaka: 5 hrs. 0 min.
2nd class: JPY 2280
1st class: JPY 4590

Hikari departed on the hour from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Kodama departed on :30 from 6:30 a.m. to 9:30 p.m., 30 round trips (or return trips in Queen's English?) daily.
Regular reserved seats were called 2nd class and Green Car was called 1st class.
Ticket sales started a week before the trip at JNR stations, back then it was government owned entity called Japan National Railway (日本国有鉄道), not JR. Three weeks before at JTB (Japan Travel Bureau).

I should add that until August 1971 fixed exchange rate (pegged exchanged rate) was used between Japanese yen and the U.S. Dollar, where US$ 1 = 360 JPY. Which 2480 JPY comes out as US$ 6.89! Once I heard that reason for US$ 1 = 360 JPY is that yen (円) means circle and a circle has 360 degree… I always wondered if that is true or not…

Today:

Nozomi
Tokyo – Shin-Osaka: 2 hrs. 33 min.
Reserved car JPY 14050
Green Car JPY 18690

Hikari:
Tokyo – Shin-Osaka: Approximately 3 hrs. 0 min.
Reserved car JPY 13750
Green Car JPY 18390

Kodama:
Tokyo – Shin-Osaka: Approximately 4 hrs. 0 min.
Reserved car JPY 13750
Green Car JPY 18390