Yes. You might need your passport info to use online check-in since the PNR includes international segments, but at the airport you should be fine with any TSA-accepted goverment-issued photo ID.
In fact, TSA doesn't really care whether you are flying domestically or internationally. Passengers are screened the same way at the checkpoint regardless of destination.
Just a thought: I always carry my passport book, passport card, and NEXUS card when traveling. You just never know if you might have to reroute via a third country or decide to take a spontaneous trip overseas! Better to be safe than sorry.
Another suggestion: make a scan of your passport ID page and keep it in your GoogleDocs or Dropbox or other digitally-accessible account. Even if you are not traveling internationally, it can be handy to have this info available....such as if you are on the road and decide to book some international travel and want to enter the passport details at the time of booking. I do it all the time.