Just to get back on topic ... I drive this route relatively often and would make the following comments ... though the relevance of some may be doubtful.
1. It's all very well taking timings and routes from viamichelin and other similar sites, but these are best timings on the best days. Factors that could lengthen journey time would be road works, traffic accidents and sheer weight of traffic. If you are travelling around European Bank Holidays, be aware that Luxembourg may refuse lorries on its roads (as happened to us on Good Friday) when we spent over an hour in waiting traffic to get through the Luxembourg border ... no document checking but they were taking lorries off.
2. Petrol is cheaper in Luxembourg, and there are two motorway service areas. However these are very heavily used not only for petrol but also for duty-free liquor and also ... COFFEE and coffee bags. This can cause you major frustration in the long queues in the terminal shop (if you decide to buy something) and in the toilets! Hence your travelling time is substantially increased.
Consider leaving the motorway to fill up and to buy snacks or a meal. Even better, bring a picnic and drinks with you from Strasbourg.
3. The road between Arlon and Brussels in my opinion is one of the most frustratingly boring almost straight lines I've ever driven. Even the scenery is not spectacular enough to raise my mood, though the high bridges crossing the motorway are feats of engineering. Make sure you have good company or a good CD for this stretch of 150 km. There are fewer service areas than you might expect for petrol and a coffee.
4. The ring road around Brussels centre is the only way to go; it is not worth trying to drive straight through Brussels and hope to save time and lower blood pressure. You want to be going ANTICLOCKWISE for Bruges (Brugge) which means to the junction with the E40 ... not necessarily marked Brugge but Oostende and Groot Bijgaarden ... you leave the A10/E40 at junction 8 mainy km later on for Bruges!
It's a two lane highway (each side) and traffic can be impossible. Allow far more time than you might think and thank your lucky stars if the time spent on it is shorter than you allowed for in the first place.
5. There is no way you can visit central Brussels in the time frame you suggest. It will take most of the time you allow to get into the centre and get parked up before you even start exploring. Drop this completely OR stop in Brussels or close by for the night and visit in the rest of the day you arrive and in the morning of the next day, leaving your trip up to Bruges once the rush hour is over.