To actually answer your question (presuming you are leaving the USA), and I have transported up to 25,000$USD in cash into and out of the US several times, you must fill out a FinCEN105 form.
http://www.fincen.gov/forms/files/fin105_cmir.pdf
You must declare before you LEAVE also. Some here suggested otherwise.
CBP can and does do outbound checks, normally in the jetway.
My most recent check was IAH-FRA two weeks ago and they did ask about cash (as they always do).
At most airports you have to ask to find the normally somewhat hidden CBP departure office where you turn the form in and get a receipt.
Should you not have it they can confiscate the cash when you exit.
It is a fairly simple process to fill out the form and turn it in before departure.