I go to Guam every year, usually through HNL. I went through NRT once and had to show my passport to board SFO-NRT and NRT-GUM. I also had to show it when I arrived in Guam and when I departed Guam. There have been other posts on FT stating you only need a birth certificate if you're just transferring through NRT. YMMV

Personally I wouldn't go through NRT without a passport.