Update
Well, first of all I tried to do it on the website, but when it told me that segments 2, 3 and 4 had already posted when none of them had, I decided to call in.
Sure enough, she told me that the rerouting on segments 3 and 4 had skewed the entire itinerary, causing nothing to post. Took her about 10 minutes of furious typing to clean everything up, and she said all the miles would post within 72 hours.