Full schedules and pricing for Dutch trains can be found here:
http://www.ns.nl/
Basically, you need to catch an intercity train to Maastricht (every 30 minutes, takes 2h30), then catch a Veolia train for the last 10 minutes to Valkenburg. They connect well. The through fare is €23.50 each way, with no need to buy in advance, unless you want a reservation or to avoid being delayed at the station (there is a supplement to buy at a ticket office, and few ticket machines take international cards except Maestro). Reservations aren't generally needed unless it's a particularly business time.
There are occasional promotions, but annoyingly, some of them seem to be restricted to online purchase, which is only available if you have Dutch bank account.
As you're also asking for information about Valkenburg, I'll leave this thread here for now, and update the title.
stut
Co-Moderator
Europe Forum