It is completely illegal for the taxi to drive without the meter on. The fact is, the meter would come close enough to 1000. I would be extremely suspicious if the driver refuses to put on the meter even after negotiating a price in such a situation. What is to stop the driver from claiming you agreed to 2000 and he took you around Hangzhou for a few hours before coming to Shanghai?

I've caught enough intercity taxis to know to refuse to go with any driver who doesn't put on the meter even if a different rate was agreed to. It is in the drivers benefit to have the meter on as he can force the passenger to at least pay the meter rate.

HGH to PVG is at least 200KM and 1000rmb for a Hangzhou taxi is reasonable.

And I think it is very offensive to accuse the OP of trying to stiff the taxi. He simply got in the taxi and told him to go to PVG. He doesn't have time to find another taxi. It is illegal for the driver to refuse to put on the meter and force the OP to whatever rate he wants after he has entered the taxi.

The driver is dangerous in this case.